(110) Ozempic's Odyssey: The Role of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Managing Binge Eating Disorder and Associated Metabolic Complications - Insights from a Comprehensive Literature Review

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Background: This literature review examines the role of GLP-1 receptor agonists, including semaglutide, in the management of Binge Eating Disorder (BED) and its associated complications such as obesity and metabolic syndrome. Given the complex interplay between binge eating behaviors, weight gain, and metabolic dysregulation, this review aims to elucidate the therapeutic potential of GLP-1 receptor agonists in addressing these interconnected challenges.

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Methods: A literature search was performed on 03/26/2024 across several academic databases, including PubMed, Embase, and PsychInfo, using the following search terms: (((GLP-1 receptor agonists) OR (Semaglutide) OR (Liraglutide)) AND (Binge Eating Disorder)) AND (Obesity). We identified 69 DOIs and extracted the searches to Excel. After duplicate removal via Excel's 'Remove Duplicates' feature, 63 unique articles underwent abstract-level screening. The selection was restricted to English-language studies appraising GLP-1 receptor agonists' efficacy and safety in BED patients, focusing on binge frequency, weight reduction, and metabolic improvements. Two authors independently repeated this process. Quality assessment and data synthesis were conducted in accordance with established PRISMA guidelines.

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Results: We isolated 17 articles meeting our stringent inclusion criteria. Preliminary data indicates that GLP-1 receptor agonists significantly decrease binge-eating episodes and promote weight control in individuals BED. Enhanced metabolic markers were documented, including better glycemic control and lipid profiles. Nonetheless, response variability was evident, with a subset of individuals showing limited to no benefits.

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Discussion: The evidence indicates that GLP-1 receptor agonists can help address psychological eating behaviors and metabolic health challenges, offering hope for individuals struggling with these issues. The observed variability in treatment response emphasizes the need for an inter-professional approach to BED management, integrating pharmacotherapy with nutritional, psychological, and lifestyle interventions. Moreover, the review highlights the gap in the current literature on the long-term efficacy and safety of GLP-1 agonists in treating BED, signaling a direction for future studies.
 
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Conclusion: GLP-1 receptor agonists represent a promising pharmacological intervention for BED, offering not only the potential to mitigate binge eating behaviors but also to address the significant burden of obesity and metabolic dysfunction commonly associated with this disorder. Future studies should focus on long-term outcomes, the comparative efficacy of different GLP-1 receptor agonists, and the integration of pharmacological treatments with psychological interventions for a holistic approach to BED management.

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References:
Aoun, L., Almardini, S., Saliba, F., Haddadin, F., Mourad, O., Jdaidani, J., Morcos, Z., Al Saidi, I., Bou Sanayeh, E., Saliba, S., Almardini, M., & Zaidan, J. (2024). GLP- 1 receptor agonists: A novel pharmacotherapy for binge eating (Binge eating disorder and bulimia nervosa)? A systematic review. Journal of clinical & translational endocrinology, 35, 100333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcte.2024.100333
Levitan, M. N., Papelbaum, M., Carta, M. G., Appolinario, J. C., & Nardi, A. E. (2021). Binge Eating Disorder: A 5-Year Retrospective Study on Experimental Drugs. Journal of experimental pharmacology, 13, 33–47.https://doi.org/10.2147/JEP.S255376
Richards, J., Bang, N., Ratliff, E. L., Paszkowiak, M. A., Khorgami, Z., Khalsa, S. S., & Simmons, W. K. (2023). Successful treatment of binge eating disorder with the GLP-1 agonist semaglutide: A retrospective cohort study. Obesity pillars, 7, 100080. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obpill.2023.100080

Presentation Eligibility: Not previously published or presented.

Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion: This abstract illuminates the potential role of GLP-1 agonists in treating Binge Eating Disorder (BED), which disproportionately affects individuals across diverse socio-economic backgrounds, particularly marginalized communities with limited access to healthcare. This literature review aims to pave the way for more equitable healthcare solutions by highlighting an emerging and transformative treatment. It emphasizes the necessity for accessible and personalized treatments, advocating for the inclusion of diverse populations in clinical trials to ensure broad applicability and effectiveness to advance health equity and inclusivity in medical practice.